A larger number of pollinator trees is recommended (approx. Because WA 38 tends to thin to single blooms. Other pollinizers like Frettingham ( S24 S25) had only 50% of the pollen compatible with WA 38. Indian Summer can cover the beginning of bloom in some years. A mix of the first two pollinizers is recommended to ensure pollen is available during the bloom. Snowdrift ( S25 S45b), Mt Everest ( S20 S26), and Indian Summer ( S26 S50b) tend to bloom during the WA 38 bloom. Manchurian ( S5 S39b) crabapples are not a good selection because they flower too early and because of 50% pollen incompatibility. WA 38 ( S-alleles S5 S24) blooms during the latter part of the bloom period. However, in single leader training systems, excess vigor in G41 showed less crop and more overly large fruit compared to M.9 Nic 29 ® at the Sunrise site. Where fire blight was controlled at the Sunrise site, no tree loss to fire blight was recorded. At the Roza site where fire blight became a problem, M.9 Nic 29 ® had a significant loss from tree dying due to fire blight compared to G41. 4th leaf trees on G41 at Sunrise were larger with more consistent canopy volume and height when compared to the trees on M.9 Nic 29 ®. 6 th leaf trees showed a trade-off between rootstock qualities. Overall, trees at Sunrise showed less canopy volume than trees at the Roza. At the Sunrise Orchard in Rock Island, WA the soils are a lighter, variable texture soil. On G41 the canopy volume and height was more consistent when compared to M.9 Nic 29 ®. In a sandy loam soil at the WSU Roza orchard in Prosser, trees on both rootstocks performed well. WSU evaluated WA 38 on two different rootstocks M.9 Nic 29 ® and G41. Netting or evaporative cooling will need to be installed in the warmer parts of the state. The bloom period and harvest period are a good fit for both early and late districts. On the right rootstock, WA 38 will perform well at all elevations in Eastern Washington. It is important to match the tree training, pruning and thinning techniques as well as pollinizers to the tree habit. Low light locations in the canopy will produce poor colored fruit. The training system you choose will affect the amount of light that is intercepted and how it is distributed throughout the canopy. WA 38 is a bi-color fruit and needs uniform light exposure to develop good color. There is little apparent difference in bloom timing on 1 st versus 2 nd and 3 rd year wood compared to some varieties which tend towards a more consolidated bloom. The blooms are generally self-thinning which makes it important to have a pollinizer blooming during bloom.įruit type. The bloom period for WA 38 is late during the bloom period. Lateral flower buds bloom after the terminal buds and in a cool spring many lateral buds will lengthen the time between primary and secondary bloom. A lateral bud forms along the developing shoot at the base of the leaf blade. A terminal, sometimes called the apical bud, is located at the tip of a shoot. Tree fruit have two types of buds, terminal and lateral buds. Laterals can be 40% of the total cluster. WA 38 produces a lot of secondary lateral blooms. It is a reasonably vigorous variety which can be managed with cropping.īloom. It tends to have long branches and produce blind wood near the trunk. WA 38 is a type 4 tree like a Granny Smith (Figure 1). Here we will cover growth habit, establishment considerations, training systems, pruning techniques, cropload management, fruit type and fruit quality. WA 38 was patented by WSU and will be sold under the brand name of COSMIC CRISP ®. WA 38 is the result of a cross between ‘Enterprise’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ that was made in 1997 by Washington State University’s apple breeding program. By: Stefano Musacchi, Professor, Tree Fruit Physiology and Management Ines Hanrahan, Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission Karen Lewis, Regional Extension Specialist, Tree Fruit Kate Evans, Professor, Horticulture Tianna DuPont, Regional Extension Specialist, Tree Fruit.
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